POM
创建一个工程名为 spring-ioc-demo 的项目,pom.xml
文件如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion > 4.0.0</modelVersion > <groupId > com.example</groupId > <artifactId > spring-ioc-demo</artifactId > <version > 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version > <properties > <project.build.sourceEncoding > UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding > <maven.compiler.source > 1.8</maven.compiler.source > <maven.compiler.target > 1.8</maven.compiler.target > <spring.version > 5.1.5.RELEASE</spring.version > <lombok.version > 1.16.20</lombok.version > <junit.version > 4.12</junit.version > <log4j.version > 1.2.17</log4j.version > <slf4j.version > 1.7.25</slf4j.version > </properties > <dependencies > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework</groupId > <artifactId > spring-context</artifactId > <version > $ {spring.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework</groupId > <artifactId > spring-test</artifactId > <version > $ {spring.version} </version > <scope > test</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > junit</groupId > <artifactId > junit</artifactId > <version > $ {junit.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.projectlombok</groupId > <artifactId > lombok</artifactId > <version > $ {lombok.version} </version > <scope > provided</scope > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > <artifactId > slf4j-api</artifactId > <version > $ {slf4j.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > <artifactId > slf4j-log4j12</artifactId > <version > $ {slf4j.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > <artifactId > jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId > <version > $ {slf4j.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > org.slf4j</groupId > <artifactId > jul-to-slf4j</artifactId > <version > $ {slf4j.version} </version > </dependency > <dependency > <groupId > log4j</groupId > <artifactId > log4j</artifactId > <version > $ {log4j.version} </version > </dependency > </dependencies > <build > <plugins > <plugin > <groupId > org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId > <artifactId > maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId > <version > 3.7.0</version > <configuration > <source > $ {java.version} </source > <target > $ {java.version} </target > <encoding > $ {project.build.sourceEncoding} </encoding > <showWarnings > true</showWarnings > </configuration > </plugin > </plugins > </build > </project >
核心包 :主要增加了 org.springframework: spring-context 依赖
案例一,基于 xml
配置
创建 entity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @Data public class Student { private int id; private String name; private String email; private String address; private Hobboy hobboy; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 @Data public class Hobboy { private String basketball; private String football; private String running; }
创建 Spring 配置文件
在 src/main/resources
目录下创建 spring-context.xml
配置文件,从现在开始类的实例化工作交给 Spring 容器管理(IoC),配置文件如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <bean id ="stu" class ="com.example.spring.demo.entity.Student" > <property name ="id" value ="10" > </property > <property name ="name" value ="vincent" > </property > <property name ="email" value ="601521821@qq.com" > </property > <property name ="address" value ="上海市、宝山区" > </property > <property name ="hobboy" ref ="hob" > </property > </bean > <bean id ="hob" class ="com.example.spring.demo.entity.Hobboy" > <property name ="basketball" value ="Nike" > </property > <property name ="football" value ="Adidas" > </property > <property name ="running" value ="5km" > </property > </bean > </beans >
<bean/>
:用于定义一个实例对象。一个实例对应一个 bean 元素。
id
:该属性是 Bean 实例的唯一标识,程序通过 id 属性访问 Bean,Bean 与 Bean 间的依赖关系也是通过 id 属性关联的。
class
:指定该 Bean 所属的类,注意这里只能是类,不能是接口
测试 Spring IoC
创建一个 GetBeanTest
测试类,测试对象是否能够通过 Spring 来创建,代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class GetBeanTest { @Test public void testGetBean () { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml" ); Student stu = (Student) applicationContext.getBean("stu" ); System.out.println(stu); } }
测试结果:
1 Student(id =10, name =vincent, email =601521821@qq.com, address =上海市、宝山区, hobboy =Hobboy(basketball=Nike, football =Adidas, running =5km))
案例一,基于注解配置
改造 entity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 @Data @Component public class Student { @Value("10") private int id; @Value("Vincrnt") private String name; @Value("601521821@qq.com") private String email; @Value("上海市宝山区") private String address; @Autowired private Hobboy hobboy; }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 @Data @Component public class Hobboy { @Value("Nike") private String basketball; @Value("Adidas") private String football; @Value("5km") private String running; }
改造 Spring 配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package ="com.example.spring.ioc.demo" /> </beans >
改造测试类 Spring IoC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-context.xml") public class GetBeanTest { @Autowired private Student student; @Test public void annotationStu () { System.out.println(student); } }
测试结果:
1 Student(id =10, name =vincent, email =601521821@qq.com, address =上海市、宝山区, hobboy =Hobboy(basketball=Nike, football =Adidas, running =5km))
案例二,基于 xml
配置
创建 StudentService 接口
1 2 3 public interface StudentService { public void sayHi () ; }
创建 UserServiceImpl 实现类
1 2 3 4 5 public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { public void sayHi () { System.out.println("Hello Spring IoC !!!" ); } }
创建 Spring 配置文件
在 src/main/resources
目录下创建 spring-context.xml
配置文件,从现在开始类的实例化工作交给 Spring 容器管理(IoC),配置文件如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id ="studentService" class ="com.example.spring.demo.service.impl.StudentServiceImpl" /> </beans >
<bean />
:用于定义一个实例对象。一个实例对应一个 bean 元素。
id
:该属性是 Bean 实例的唯一标识,程序通过 id 属性访问 Bean,Bean 与 Bean 间的依赖关系也是通过 id 属性关联的。
class
:指定该 Bean 所属的类,注意这里只能是类,不能是接口。
测试 Spring IoC
创建一个 GetBeanTest
测试类,测试对象是否能够通过 Spring 来创建,代码如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 public class GetBeanTest { @Test public void sayHi () { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml" ); StudentService studentServiceImpl = (StudentService) applicationContext.getBean("studentService" ); String sayHi = studentServiceImpl.sayHi(); System.out.println(sayHi); } }
测试结果
案例二,基于注解配置
改造实现类,加上注解 @Service
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 @Service public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService { @Override public String sayHi () { return "Hello Spring IoC !!!" ; } }
改造 Spring 配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package ="com.example.spring.ioc.demo" /> </beans >
改造测试类 Spring IoC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring-context.xml") public class GetBeanTest { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @Test public void annotationSayHi () { String sayHi = studentService.sayHi(); System.out.println(sayHi); }
测试结果:
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